Evaluation of Gasometric Behavior of Transfused Fetuses in Alloimmunized Pregnant Women According to the Concentration of Circulating Adult Hemoglobin

Volume 1 - Issue 4

Naeme Jose de Sa Filho¹* and Alamanda Kfoury Pereira²

Received: February 02, 2018;   Published: February 21, 2018

DOI: 10.32474/IGWHC.2018.01.000116

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Abstract

Introduction: Perinatal hemolytic disease occurs due to the passage of antibodies from maternal to fetal circulation through the placenta; this leads to fetal erythrocytes hemolysis and death (in extreme cases). Regarding the treatment by intrauterine transfusion, little is known about the effect of the concentration of transfused adult red blood cells on the hemodynamics and gas exchanges in the fetal blood.

Objective: to compare the gasometric values between fetuses with gradual elevation of adult hemoglobin (HbA) concentration after intrauterine transfusion and anemic fetuses with only fetal hemoglobin (HbF).

Methods: a longitudinal observational study was carried out from 1998 to 2015 with 365 transfusions performed on 143 fetuses. The HbF concentration was determined by the Kleihauer-Betke test and pH, pCO2, pO2, SatO2, HCO3 and BE values were obtained from umbilical cord venous blood. The cases were ordered according to the deficit of Hb concentration in comparison with normality curve given for each gestational age.

Results: the gradual substitution of fetal by adult red blood cells did not significantly influenced the gasometric parameters for both Hb deficit lower than 5 g/dL [pH (p=0.958), pCO2 (p=0.400), pO2 (p=0.493), SatO2 (p=0.698), HCO3 (p=0.495) and BE (p=0.522)] and higher than 5 g/dL [pH (p=0.601), pCO2 (p=0.065), pO2 (p=0.770), SatO2 (p=0.096), HCO3 (p=0.096) and BE (p=0.525)].

Conclusions: Due to the existence of a hematological system with great capacity of metabolic balance, no associations between gasometric parameters and the percentage of HbF replacement were observed; this, regardless the degree of anemia resulted from Hb deficit

Keywords: Perinatal Hemolytic Disease; Maternal alloimmunization; Intrauterine transfusion; Fetal gasometry; Kleihauer; Fetal hemoglobin

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