Nutrient Balance Under the Grape Plant in the Azerbaijan Arid Subtropic Zone Soils

The problems of the nutrient balance study under vineyards in the light-chestnut soils of Ganja-Gazakh of Azerbaijan are examined. 3,84kg/h of N/NH 3 ; 0,99kg/h of N/nO 3 P 2 O 5 of 1,16kg/h penetrate into the soil with the atmosphere precipitations, but 1,73; 1,55; 1,05; 21,69kg/h with the irrigative waters. A total annual nitrogen-6,87-7,29%, phosphorus-0,59-0,79%, potassium-3,92-7,29% were leached from the scattered fertilizer into lizimeters. While a weight of the dry mass and a total quantity of the nutrient increase, an outlet with the annual trimming materials and crops has raised. It is established that a balance of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium under all the versions of the experiment is positive. The balance under a control version where deficit of the nutrient is negative. At an application of fertilizer under the version of N 90 P 120 K 120 the balance forms for nitrogen +41, 8-(+44,6); phosphorus +102,2-(+110,1), potassium +81,1-(+85,6) kg/h.


Introduction
The vine-growing and wine-making assume a vital importance for the country economy, from the supplemental value formation and economical rationality standpoint by playing a great role among the agrarian-industry areas. Our scientific-research works were connected with the definition of the ecologically innocuous fertilizer norms on the basis of the soil's fertility increase by the different methods, productivity raising, the crop quality improvement and balance calculations. Reduction of the mineral fertilizers production and import displayed itself in agriculture to raise the natural and anthropogenic degradation and also diversity occurring in the republic soils where the grape plant is grown. Therefore, the researches were carried out for the purpose of the fertility increase by applying the trimming materials and falling leaves of the grape plant into soil.
In the gardens where the grape plant has been grown for a long time, conducting the deep tillage and agrotechnical services mix the fallen leaves and trimming materials with the soil. While passing the years gradually the plant residues begin to be rotted under an influence of the air and humidity and mineralization process occurs. That's why unlike the other areas in the gardens where the grape plant is grown the soil fertility was high. At present the balance calculations characterize systematically and therefore it is possible to observe the nutrient circulation in the agriculture. The nutrient which is necessary for the plant crop formation may be defined according to the balance calculations. Some works were printed about the nutrient balance, in agriculture for the different natural climate zones [1][2][3][4]. A main purpose of the work-preparing the fertilizing system more exactly, reviling the relation between the soil fertility and productivity by studying under grape nutrient balance.

Research Object and Methods
The long field researches were carried out by the grape sorts of "Bolgar" and "Cardinal" in the grey-brown (chestnut) and bright-brown soils of the Ganja-Gazakh massive from Azerbaijan.
The grape areas in the grey-brown soils were irrigated by the canal waters being separated from the Tovuz river, but the areas in the bright-brown soils were watered by the canal waters being separated from the Shamkir river. Each area of the grape gardens was more than 100 hectares. The field experiments consist of 6; 8 versions and 4 secondaries. An area of each section is 204 m 2 , nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used as mineral fertilizer, but manure, at the same time the trimming materials and leaves were used as organic fertilizer. 100% of phosphorus and potassium, 25% of nitrogen fertilizers were applied in inter-row in the autumn-winter season, 75% of nitrogen was applied in the spring. The field and laboratory researches were performed on the basis of the received methods [5][6][7].
An average annual temperature of the air is 12-13,2c but a sum of the annual active temperature (>10 o C) is 4000-4700 o C in the grey-brown soils of the zone. The frost layer is observed on soil surface in some years.

Analysis and Discussion
The agrogen processes effect shows itself in the soil's fertility parameters firstly. The soils tilling or using under perennial tillages, interow deep ploughs are a reason for its surface disorder at 0-30sm and so on. These processes effect shows itself distinctly under arid climatic condition. Planting and growing the grape plant change the fertility parameters depending on a condition, effecting on soil forming process. Therefore, studying the processes is important theoretically and experimentally. One of the main-factors in an agro technical measures system is utilization from the correct fertilizing system corresponding to the soil-climate characters for getting high and qualitative crop from the agricultural plants [8]. One of the environment active and fast effecting outward factors is mineral fertilizer. The productivity rises by the applied mineral fertilizers increase. Apparently, the recommended norms of the fertilizers should be taken into account. In order to determine the fertilizers applied norms correctly it is necessary to know a fertilizer quantity which can be assimilated from soil by the plant and nutrient quantity will be added as fertilizer to obtain any crop. The nutrient penetrating into the soil with the mineral fertilizers concerns the entry balance part. An aim of the fertilizers applying is to restore the nutrient being extracted with a crop and to enrich the soil with the nutrient for the purpose of the product increase. An extraction of the nutrient from soils and its relationship with the rain erosion were studied in the researches being carried out with the grape plant in the Pends region of Spain. The nutrient extraction part has changed by 2,9-28,6%. This indication in heavy rains rises till 55,8-80,0%. The researches have showed that a great loss of the nutrient every year was observed in a little quantity of rainfalls and this loss overtook 60% [9].
The nitrogen concentration and its leaching from the soil surface was learnt and it was determined that a mean concentration of nitrogen (nitrates and nitrites) vibrated by 0,64-82mg/l as a result of one-meter soil, solution leaching in the researches being conducted in the Australia vineyards. During the surface leaching this parameter changed by 0,0-0,3kg/h [10]. To use correctly from mineral fertilizers by selecting their forms, defining their norms and ratios under the separate plants assume a great importance. As is obvious, long research works were performed with the mineral fertilizers under a grape plant and important consequences were obtained [1,3,11]. The nitrogen quantity which is entered with irrigative waters and is extracted with lizimetre waters has been   1). As a result of the mineral fertilizers application under the grape plant the nutrient is extracted from soil by a crop, trimming material and leaves. Over the versions a quantity of the annual trimming materials was 32,0-43,0kg in 200m 2 -sectons. These indications by hectare are equal to 1600-2150 kg/h. A total nitrogen quantity in a dry mass over the versions formed 0,59-0,72%, total phosphorus-0,32-0,42%, total potassium-0/33-0,57%.